Which properties should you sell first? A landlord case study

Which properties should you sell first? A landlord case study

9:26 AM, 26th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago 17

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James had been a landlord for more than fifteen years. He owned twelve rental properties with a combined value of approximately £2.7 million. The portfolio looked solid on the surface. It also felt far heavier than it used to.

Rising interest due to coming off low fixed rates, increasing legislation, and more maintenance work were beginning to affect him. He told us that he was tired rather than stressed. He wanted to know whether it made sense to sell a few properties and clear his borrowing altogether.

His central question was simple.

“Which properties should I sell first?”

He was not sure how to answer it. He did not know how much tax he would pay. He did not know which units would release the most cash. He did not know whether selling three or four properties was even necessary. He only knew that the portfolio had started to feel larger than he wanted at this stage of life.

Why selling seemed the only option

James believed that becoming debt-free would solve his concerns. He felt that repaying everything would reduce pressure and give him greater control over his future. This is a familiar belief among landlords who have relied on leverage for many years.

Property118 has seen many cases where landlords sell more properties than required for debt reduction. Some underestimate the Capital Gains Tax. Some overlook early repayment charges. Others sell strong performers because they are easy to liquidate. Many discover too late that income drops further than expected once the best assets leave the portfolio.

James wanted to avoid these mistakes. He asked for a review of the numbers before he made any decisions.

What he did not realise

Once we gathered his initial information, several important issues became clear.

Capital Gains Tax would shape every disposal decision

Two of his properties carried significant gains. Tax at the 18% and 24% rates would remove a considerable share of the proceeds. This is consistent with the guidance in the 2025 CGT Rules for Landlords.

Early repayment charges were still active

Two mortgages had charges that would apply if he sold within the next twelve months. This meant those units were poor disposal candidates at this stage.

One of his planned disposals was a strong long-term performer

A bungalow he considered average was delivering one of the best returns in the portfolio when assessed on a combined yield and maintenance basis.

An expected sale value was too high

Our AVM analysis suggested that one of the values he had assumed was optimistic. The methodology we used showed a more evidence-based figure that was nearly £25,000 lower than he expected.

Becoming debt-free was not the only route to lower stress

Many landlords believe that zero debt is the safest point. A low loan-to-value ratio can achieve the same sense of comfort while preserving more income and optionality.

James had not considered this alternative. He welcomed the idea of reviewing options that reduced pressure without requiring a full disposal programme.

How the conversation shifted

Once we presented the initial findings, we asked James a key question.
What matters more to you: zero debt or a calmer financial position

He paused and said that he simply wanted the portfolio to feel manageable again. He was not wedded to full repayment if a partial solution achieved the same outcome.

This answer reframed the project. The objective became a lower risk profile and a more comfortable lifestyle, supported by evidence rather than assumptions.

How we analysed the portfolio

Our consultations follow a structured process to create evidence-based desktop valuations (also known as AVMs).

We produced AVM valuations for all twelve properties. Each valuation included a confidence range, £ per square foot comparables and stress tests at reduced market levels. This created a consistent valuation base that did not depend on varying agent opinions.

CGT and Net Proceeds Calculations

We modelled sale proceeds, allowable costs, gains, tax bands and redemption values for each unit. The modelling was based on the 2025 CGT Rules for Landlords.

This provided clear net cash figures after all frictional costs. These numbers helped identify the most suitable disposal candidates.

Deleveraging Scenarios

We tested three possible routes. The first involved selling enough units to clear all borrowing. The second was a partial sell-down to reach a target loan-to-value of approximately 40%. The third combined a selective refinance with a smaller disposal programme.

This approach followed our Exit, Refinance or Rebalance framework.

Long-Term Planning Considerations

James also raised questions about succession. We explained how legacy planning might work in future if he wished to explore more advanced corporate structures. The Family Investment Companies guide was helpful for context without recommending any immediate action.

What the Analysis Revealed

The modelling delivered three clear insights.

Selling four properties was unnecessary

He would reduce debt, yet he would also lose a large portion of his income. The tax cost did not justify the scale of the disposals.

Selling two specific properties was far more efficient

These units had lower gains, no early repayment charges and weaker long-term performance. They released enough capital to reduce risk significantly without damaging income.

A refinance on one mortgage improved stability

This allowed him to preserve flexibility while keeping his best performers intact.

James immediately recognised that the second route matched his goals. It reduced stress while maintaining the core of the portfolio he had worked hard to build.

The Agreed Plan

The final plan contained four elements.

  1. Sell two low-yield properties with limited tax friction.
  2. Use the proceeds to reduce the overall loan-to-value ratio from 72% to approximately 40%.
  3. Refix one mortgage on terms that suited his long-term needs.
  4. Retain the ten strongest properties as the foundation of his future income.

This combination produced a balanced outcome that met his personal and financial aims.

Outcome for the Landlord

Seven months after the consultation, the position was clearer and calmer. Both identified properties had been completed. Debt had reduced, and the monthly cash flow improved. The portfolio felt manageable again. James told us that he no longer felt pushed into decisions by external pressures.

He described the process as the moment the portfolio became something he could shape rather than something that dictated terms to him.

Lessons for Other Landlords

Many landlords face the same questions as James. Several key lessons emerged from this case.

  1. It is risky to select properties for sale without modelling net proceeds after tax and charges.
  2. Evidence-based valuations provide a more reliable foundation than assumptions or informal estimates.
  3. Full debt repayment is not always necessary to achieve comfort and stability.
  4. A small number of disposals can be more effective than a large programme.
  5. Sequencing matters because it affects tax, income and long-term outcomes.

A Closing Thought

Landlords who are unsure which properties to sell first often discover that the answer is not obvious. A structured review can reveal a more efficient and less disruptive route to a safer position.

If this situation feels familiar, an evidence-led consultation can help you understand your options before you commit to a sale.

Our consultancy not only covers retirement, business continuity and legacy planning. It can also unlock the lifestyle you once dreamed about but forgot to implement.

⚖️ Important notice – scope of planning support

Where our recommendations touch on areas requiring regulated input, we refer clients to appropriately authorised professionals for advice and execution.


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Cider Drinker

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Member Since December 2023 - Comments: 1514

17:15 PM, 25th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago

When the financial implications are broadly similar, I am selling the ones that have the least desirable tenants first.

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Mark Alexander - Founder of Property118

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Member Since January 2011 - Comments: 12108 - Articles: 1326

18:42 PM, 25th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago

Reply to the comment left by Cider Drinker at 25/11/2025 – 17:15
That is a very common approach and it can make sense when the financial impact is similar. Tenant profile is an important factor because some properties create more work and uncertainty than others. It is still worth checking the numbers in detail before deciding.

Several landlords discover that the properties with the least desirable tenants are not always the ones that release the most capital or deliver the lowest tax bill. They can also be the units with the strongest long term performance once the tenancy changes.

A quick review of valuation, debt, tax exposure and maintenance history often reveals a different sequence of disposals to the one that feels obvious at first. Selling based on tenant experience can work well if the figures support it. The key is to ensure that the commercial reality aligns with the day to day pressure.

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GlanACC

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Member Since March 2023 - Comments: 1431

7:29 AM, 26th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago

13 sold, 5 to go. Plan fo selling is easy, the 5 remaining tenants have been in my properties for years (one over 20 years). When they leave or die I will sell.

I have other sources of income so to keep my tax low I don’t charge market rent and spend the rent I get on improving and repairing the properties- hence little tax to pay .. Basically holding the properties for capital appreciation which possibly my kids will inherit if I havent sold them frst

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Mark Alexander - Founder of Property118

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Member Since January 2011 - Comments: 12108 - Articles: 1326

8:11 AM, 26th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago

Reply to the comment left by GlanACC at 26/11/2025 – 07:29
Long standing tenants can be a real asset. A reliable household that looks after the property, pays on time and stays for many years often creates a level of stability that is difficult to replicate at full market rent. Many landlords choose to accept a lower yield in return for lower friction, and there is nothing wrong with that when the arrangement continues to work on both sides.

There is still merit in checking how the figures look over time. Below market rent can gradually create a performance gap that is difficult to see in the moment. Maintenance costs tend to rise as properties age. A large gap between the rent received and the market level can store up issues that only become visible when a major repair is required or when the tenant eventually moves on. A periodic review helps ensure that the balance remains commercially sound.

There is another point that is easy to overlook. Decisions made today can have long term consequences for the people who inherit the properties. A rental that has been held for decades on a low income can appear simple to manage during your own ownership. The same property can feel very different to your children or other beneficiaries if they inherit a portfolio that requires immediate rent corrections, refurbishment or refinancing. The emotional connection you have with long term tenants may not transfer to the next generation. Their circumstances, tax position and management capacity may be entirely different.

A gentle adjustment to keep the property aligned with local rent levels can protect its future value and make life easier for your loved ones when the time comes. It also helps ensure that the asset continues to support your financial aims while remaining fair to tenants who have treated the property with respect.

Your comment highlights an approach that many thoughtful landlords take. The key is to ensure that the arrangement still works for you today and also works for the people who may one day step into your shoes.

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GlanACC

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Member Since March 2023 - Comments: 1431

8:27 AM, 26th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago

Reply to the comment left by Mark Alexander – Founder of Property118 at 26/11/2025 – 08:11
Agreed, I do still increase rents periodically and can cover easily major issues such as a new boiler.

My wife and kids have already said that when I croak it they will turf the tenants out and sell !!

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Mark Alexander - Founder of Property118

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Member Since January 2011 - Comments: 12108 - Articles: 1326

9:32 AM, 26th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago

Reply to the comment left by GlanACC at 26/11/2025 – 08:27
It sounds as though your approach works well for you at the moment. Periodic rent reviews and the ability to absorb major repairs go a long way toward keeping long standing tenancies stable. Many landlords would say that a reliable household is worth far more than the last few pounds of market rent.

There is still a practical point to consider in light of what you mentioned about your wife and kids. Their instinct to sell may be entirely reasonable from their point of view. They will not have the history with those tenants or the day to day familiarity that you have built over many years. They will also look at the portfolio through a very different lens, shaped by their own tax position, their own plans and the level of involvement they are willing to take on.

A planned transition can make an enormous difference. If the portfolio is likely to be sold shortly after they inherit it, it can help to think through which properties might require upgrades, rent corrections or debt adjustments before that point. A structured plan often protects both the tenants and the future owners by avoiding rushed decisions at a difficult time.

There is also an option that some landlords consider in similar circumstances. Selling to another landlord can allow the tenants to remain in place and preserve the goodwill you have built. It can also simplify the transition for your loved ones by reducing the number of decisions they will need to make at a difficult moment. Alternative investment options may replace the income in a way that is easier for your family to manage.

Your comment highlights something many families face. The portfolio can be straightforward to manage during your own ownership. It can feel very different for the next generation if the groundwork is not prepared in advance. A bit of planning now can save them from making decisions under pressure later.

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Mark Alexander - Founder of Property118

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Member Since January 2011 - Comments: 12108 - Articles: 1326

9:40 AM, 26th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago

Reply to the comment left by GlanACC at 26/11/2025 – 08:27
PS – you’ve inspired me to write an article about this. Keep an eye on our Newsletters because it should appear later this week or early next.

The Headline I have in mind at the moment (it may change) is “Should You Sell With Tenants in Place? A Practical Strategy Many Landlords Overlook”

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RODNEY CRABB

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Member Since February 2015 - Comments: 29

9:50 AM, 26th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago

Im struggling to work out a low capital gains if he brought the ltv from 72 to 40 per cent
He must have bought them later ,with a low loan to value and more of his cash?

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Mark Alexander - Founder of Property118

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Member Since January 2011 - Comments: 12108 - Articles: 1326

9:57 AM, 26th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago

Reply to the comment left by RODNEY CRABB at 26/11/2025 – 09:50
It is a good question and it highlights something that is often overlooked. The reduction in loan to value did not come from low Capital Gains Tax or unusually high equity in the properties that were sold. The change came from the size of the net proceeds that were used to repay debt across the rest of the portfolio.

Two of his properties had relatively modest gains compared with the others. They also had no early repayment charges and lower frictional costs. This meant that the net cash released after tax and redemption costs was proportionately high. Applying those proceeds to reduce borrowing on the remaining ten properties is what brought the overall loan to value down from 72 percent to around 40 percent.

You will appreciate that for confidentiality reasons, and due to the volume of calculations involved, I cannot set out the full mechanics behind any individual client’s numbers. The key point is that the improvement came from how the proceeds were used rather than from unusually low gains. A disposal does not need a large gain in order to release meaningful capital, provided the outstanding mortgage on that specific unit is relatively low in relation to its value.

Several landlords find that a couple of well chosen sales can have a much greater impact on their risk position than selling three or four properties that carry heavier tax or friction. This is why modelling each unit individually is so important.

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NewYorkie

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Member Since October 2013 - Comments: 1555 - Articles: 3

10:06 AM, 26th November 2025, About 2 weeks ago

Reply to the comment left by Mark Alexander – Founder of Property118 at 25/11/2025 – 18:42
How do you value a landlord’s health, when they are faced with long term problems with feckless tenants?

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